A clinical evaluation, utilizing tear film break-up time (TBUT) and Schirmer's test (ST), was conducted on three distinct groups: trabeculectomy patients with a diffuse bleb (Wurzburg classification score 10) for over six months, individuals continuously taking anti-glaucoma medication for more than six months, and a normal control population. Plant biomass For each group, the TearLab was used to quantify tear film osmolarity.
In conjunction with the TearLab Corp. (CA, USA) device, subjective evaluations were performed via the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. Patients who are already committed to a regimen of chronic lubricating medications, or other drugs for the treatment of dry eye, need to be aware of the potential side-effects. Those on steroid treatments, cyclosporin, or showing symptoms indicative of an abnormal ocular surface, who had received refractive or intraocular surgery, and contact lens users were not included in the study.
A total of 104 subjects/eyes were recruited for the study over the course of six weeks. The trab group of 36 eyes was contrasted with the AGM group's 33 eyes, and both groups were subsequently analyzed relative to 35 normal eyes. Compared to normal subjects, the AGM group displayed significantly lower TBUT and ST values (P = 0.0003 and 0.0014, respectively), while osmolarity and OSDI exhibited significantly higher values (P = 0.0007 and 0.0003, respectively). Conversely, only TBUT showed a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0009) between the trab group and the normal subjects. A statistically significant difference was observed in ST levels between the trab group and the AGM group, with the trab group demonstrating higher ST (P = 0.0003) and lower osmolarity (P = 0.0034).
Overall, asymptomatic patients undergoing AGM can still experience ocular surface issues, but near-normal conditions may result from trabeculectomy, particularly with widespread blebs.
Lastly, the ocular surface may be affected in even asymptomatic patients receiving AGM, but near-normal function can frequently follow trabeculectomy, especially with diffuse bleb formation.
A prospective cohort study at a tertiary eye care center explored the rate of tear film dysfunction and its recuperation in diabetic and non-diabetic patients who underwent clear corneal phacoemulsification.
Fifty individuals diagnosed with diabetes and 50 without diabetes experienced clear corneal phacoemulsification. Preoperative and postoperative assessments of Schirmer's I test (SIT), tear film break-up time (TBUT), corneal staining, tear meniscus height (TMH), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) were conducted at 7 days, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively in both groups to evaluate tear film function.
A decrease in both groups' SIT and TBUT values was observed on the seventh postoperative day, thereafter progressing towards gradual improvement. Diabetic individuals displayed significantly lower SIT and TBUT values than non-diabetics after surgery (P < 0.001). Non-diabetic patients' SIT levels reached baseline levels three months post-surgery. On postoperative day 7, OSDI scores peaked in both groups, yet diabetics exhibited significantly higher scores compared to non-diabetics (P < 0.0001). There was a gradual rise in OSDI scores across both groups during the three-month period, though they remained above baseline values in both cases. Seven days after surgery, 22 percent of the diabetic patients and 8 percent of the non-diabetic patients showed positive corneal staining. Nevertheless, at the three-month mark, no patients exhibited any corneal staining. There was no marked difference in tear meniscus height (TMH) detected between the two groups at any given time interval.
Following clear corneal incisions, both diabetic and non-diabetic patients experienced tear film dysfunction; however, the severity and recovery rate of this dysfunction were notably greater in the diabetic group.
Diabetic and non-diabetic patients alike exhibited tear film dysfunction subsequent to clear corneal incisions, yet the dysfunction manifested as more severe and protracted in the diabetic patient population.
The investigation of ocular surface signs, symptoms, and tear film compositions will be conducted following prophylactic thermal pulsation therapy (TPT) prior to refractive surgery, and these findings will be compared to those who received TPT subsequent to the surgery.
Refractive surgery recipients with mild-to-moderate evaporative dry eye disease (DED) and/or meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) were part of the study group. The laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) procedure preceded TPT (LipiFlow) in Group 1 patients (n = 32, 64 eyes); in contrast, TPT was given three months after LASIK in Group 2 patients (n = 27, 52 eyes). Ropsacitinib mouse Group 1 and Group 2 participants had Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores, Schirmer's test (ST1, ST2), Tear Breakup Time (TBUT), meibography, and tear fluid analysis performed before surgery and at three months postoperatively. An additional three-month postoperative evaluation was performed on Group 2, following the procedure of Transpalpebral Tenectomy (TPT). Tear soluble factor profiling was assessed utilizing multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry.
Following surgery, Group 1 exhibited a considerable drop in OSDI scores and a substantial rise in TBUT, in comparison to their pre-operative levels. Differently, a noteworthy increase in the postoperative OSDI score was observed, coupled with a substantial decrease in the TBUT score, when contrasted with the preoperative data of the Group 2 subjects. The postoperative increase in OSDI was considerably decreased in Group 2 following TPT treatment, while the post-operative decline in TBUT was also significantly decreased. The MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio demonstrated a significant elevation post-operatively in Group 2, compared to the values obtained pre-operatively. However, no alteration was seen in this ratio for the participants in Group 1.
TPT, applied prior to refractive surgery, showed improvements in ocular surface conditions, symptoms, and tear inflammatory factors after the surgical procedure, potentially lessening the development of dry eye disease following refractive surgery.
Patients who underwent TPT prior to refractive surgery exhibited enhanced ocular surface health post-surgery, with reduced tear inflammatory markers, potentially reducing the incidence of postoperative dry eye.
The effect of LASIK on tear secretion and function is the subject of this study.
A prospective, observational investigation took place at the Refractive Clinic of a rural, tertiary-care hospital. Using the OSDI score, tear dysfunction symptoms and tear function tests were evaluated in 269 eyes of 134 patients. High-Throughput Pre-operative and postoperative tear function assessments, performed at 4-6 weeks and 10-12 weeks after LASIK, included measurement of tear meniscus height, tear film break-up time (TBUT), Lissamine green staining, corneal fluorescein staining, and the Schirmer I test without anesthesia.
The OSDI score, assessed prior to the operation, was 854.771. Data taken 4 to 6 weeks post-LASIK surgical procedure showed an increase in the number to 1,511,918, and at 10 to 12 weeks, it further rose to 13,956. A pre-operative count of 405% eyes with clear secretions declined to 234% at 4 to 6 weeks and 223% at 10 to 12 weeks post-LASIK surgery. In stark contrast, there was a significant rise in granular and cloudy secretions within the operated eyes after LASIK surgery. The incidence of dry eye, determined by a Lissamine green score above 3, rose from a preoperative rate of 171% to 279% at the 4-6 week mark, and reached a 305% level at the 10-12 week time point. Similarly, the eyes that displayed a positive fluorescein corneal staining result increased from 56 percent preoperatively to 19 percent postoperatively, observed within the timeframe of 4 to 6 weeks. A preoperative analysis revealed a mean Schirmer score of 2883 mm, exhibiting a standard deviation of 639 mm. At the 4 to 6 week follow-up, this value decreased to 2247 mm, with a standard deviation of 538 mm. Lastly, at the 10 to 12 week post-operative evaluation, the mean Schirmer score had stabilized at 2127 mm, with a standard deviation of 499 mm.
Following LASIK, a rise in dry eye prevalence was observed, as indicated by heightened tear dysfunction symptoms (as measured by the OSDI score), and abnormal results from various tear function tests.
Post-LASIK, dry eye prevalence rose, as indicated by heightened tear dysfunction symptoms (as per the OSDI score), and abnormal readings from several tear function tests.
The research on lid wiper epithliopathy (LWE) was performed on dry eye subjects, which included both those with symptoms and those without. For the Indian population, this is the inaugural study of this nature. LWE, a clinical condition, presents with discoloration of the eyelids' lower and upper sections due to heightened rubbing of the lid margins against the cornea. Our study was designed to explore the presence of LWE in dry eye patients, both symptomatic and those serving as asymptomatic controls.
Among 96 screened subjects, 60 were enrolled in the study, subsequently divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic dry eye groups through the application of the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Evaluations for clinical dry eye were performed on the subjects to ensure their absence, followed by LWE assessments using two distinct dyes – fluorescein and lissamine green. Following descriptive analysis, a Chi-square test was implemented for statistical interpretation.
A study encompassing 60 subjects, whose average age was 2133 ± 188 years, examined LWE patients. The symptomatic group contained a significantly higher percentage of LWE patients (99.8%) compared to the asymptomatic group (73.3%), a statistically (p = 0.000) and clinically relevant distinction. The LWE in symptomatic dry eye subjects (998%) was found to be considerably higher than in asymptomatic dry eye subjects (733%).