An investigation into the level of awareness regarding mucormycosis among patients discharged from a tertiary COVID-19 care center in southern India, following treatment for COVID-19.
A telephone survey, employing a 38-question questionnaire divided into five sections, was undertaken during June and July of 2021. COVID-19 patients, treated and discharged from a government medical college, were contacted by phone, and their responses were subsequently entered into the Google Forms platform for data collection.
In total, 222 subjects were part of the investigation. A total of 66% of the participants had some awareness of mucormycosis, while a proportion of 98 out of 222 participants (44%) lacked any knowledge of the condition, despite being admitted to the hospital. More than 40 percent of those questioned said that their principal source of information came from mass communication. Of the respondents, 81% possessed knowledge of the potential for this event to follow a COVID-19 infection. Of the group, a select 25 individuals correctly identified the primary risk factor as systemic steroids. In a survey involving 124 people, 64 correctly indicated that diabetes presents a significant risk. Sputum Microbiome Fifty percent of the participants agreed that a COVID vaccination program could help to prevent the manifestation of mucormycosis.
KAP studies illuminate the consequences of public education measures on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. This study found that 66% of participants collectively possessed some knowledge of mucormycosis, and strikingly, 347% of diabetics demonstrated better knowledge and practice scores than non-diabetics. A noteworthy 66.9% percentage firmly held that this condition could be avoided.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) research offers a framework for evaluating the impact of public education interventions. A cumulative 66% of the participants in this study demonstrated some awareness of mucormycosis, and a significant 347% of the diabetic individuals displayed enhanced knowledge and practice scores relative to those without diabetes. Of those surveyed, 66.9% held the view that this condition's prevention was possible.
The purpose of this research was to chronicle the results of panophthalmitis and to pinpoint the factors most influential in determining the survival of the globe in such cases.
This retrospective study investigated the cases of panophthalmitis in patients admitted to a tertiary hospital between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019. A comprehensive record was compiled, encompassing demographics, treatment data, cultural analysis findings, and final results. In order to establish associations between variables and globe loss, logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards (CPH) were computed. A P-value of less than 0.05 indicated a significant result.
The review panel considered 85 eyes, from 85 patients (31 culture-positive), as eligible. Lonafarnib The 2017 cohort's average age was 55.21 years, demonstrating a male-to-female participant ratio of 2.04. The most frequent causes were corneal ulcers (3882%; n = 33) and open globe injuries (OGIs) (3882%; n = 33). Of all the isolates identified, Pseudomonas aeruginosa emerged as the most frequent, obtained from 10 samples (1176%). Hospital stays, on average, lasted 758.232 days. Ultimately, 44 globes (5176 percent) were salvaged. Evisceration (P = 0901) and hospital stay (P = 0095) needs were statistically equivalent in the culture-positive and culture-negative patient groups. Culture sterility, according to the unadjusted logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models, did not impact globe survival [OR = 1210 (0501-2950), P = 0668; HR = 1176 (0617-2243), P = 0623]. The adjusted logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models both confirmed a substantial association between corneal ulcers and globe loss, evidenced by odds and hazard ratios far greater than 10,000 and 5,000 respectively, and highly significant p-values (P<0.001).
Panophthalmitis, with corneal ulcer or OGI as the primary cause, jeopardizes the globe's survival.
The primary etiology of panophthalmitis, either a corneal ulcer or OGI, is harmful to the survival of the globe.
Residual damage to the macular area, a typical outcome of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), frequently persists even after treatment, requiring visual rehabilitation by utilizing low-vision aids (LVAs) for optimal vision.
This prospective study involved the enrollment of thirty patients with AMD at different stages, all in need of LVAs. Participants with non-progressing, appropriately treated age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were enrolled in a 12-month study, received necessary low vision aids (LVAs), and were followed for a minimum of one month. Assessing near-work efficiency post-LVA compared to pre-LVA involved reading speed measurements (wpm) under photopic and mesopic conditions. The impact of impaired vision on daily living activities (ADL) was calculated using a modified questionnaire based on the Nhung X et al. design.
Averages of 30 patients, averaging 68 years in age, showed 20 (66.7%) instances of dry age-related macular degeneration in the dominant eye, and 10 (33.3%) exhibited wet age-related macular degeneration. Near visual acuity experienced a considerable boost after LVA, and every patient was able to read at least some letters on the near vision chart, with an average increase of 24,096 lines. The prescribed low vision aids comprised high-plus reading glasses (up to 10 diopters) in 233%, handheld magnifiers in 533%, base-in prisms in 10%, stand-held magnifiers in 67%, and bar and dome magnifiers in 33%.
LVAs contribute substantially to successful visual rehabilitation outcomes in AMD patients. The perceived benefit of using aids was confirmed by self-reported improvements in vision-related quality of life and a reduction in visual dependency.
Effective visual rehabilitation in AMD patients is facilitated by the use of LVAs. Self-reported enhancements in vision-related quality of life and decreased visual dependence after the use of these aids, validated the perceived benefit.
The present study focused on identifying an association between fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels, blood transfusion practices, and the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among preterm infants.
This study was observational and prospective in nature. This study at a tertiary care facility in central India included 410 preterm infants, each under 20 kilograms in birth weight and possessing gestational ages less than 36 weeks, observed across a period of one year. Clinical data were compiled from the case notes' contents. Institute of Medicine Infant blood samples, collected at the initial visit and at a one-month follow-up, were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography for HbF measurement; these measurements were statistically evaluated. Employing the 2021 International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ICROP) criteria, a dilated fundus examination, undertaken as per ROP screening standards, facilitated the classification of the ROP. A dichotomy in the study group was established, dividing the subjects into two parts, each defined by their ROP status. The effect of blood transfusions on the relationship between HbF and ROP was studied in both groups. The study investigated, between the groups, the correlation between neonatal risk factors and other clinical characteristics.
This study encompassed a total of 410 preterm infants, 110 of whom exhibited ROP (26.8%). Blood transfusion procedures have been found to have a noteworthy correlation with the development of retinopathy of prematurity. Higher levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) were inversely linked to a lower rate of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) occurrence. ROP severity demonstrated an inverse relationship to the concentration of HbF.
Blood transfusions substituting fetal hemoglobin with adult hemoglobin could possibly stimulate the onset of retinopathy of prematurity. Instead, a higher percentage of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) may offer a protective safeguard from retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
Hemoglobin replacement from fetal to adult types during blood transfusion may potentially increase the risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity. Conversely, the presence of a larger percentage of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) could act as a protective element against retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
Examining the evolution of near and distant vision following intravitreal injections in phakic and pseudophakic patients diagnosed with central-involving diabetic macular edema (CIDME).
A retrospective examination of 148 eyes (72 phakic and 76 pseudophakic) exhibiting center-involving diabetic macular edema (DME) was undertaken. Every eye was treated with an intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Distance best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) testing, near BCVA testing, dilated fundus examination, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed on all patients at both baseline and follow-up visits. Following the initial injection, eyes unresponsive to treatment received a second dose.
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The subsequent visits will include additional injections.
In the phakic group (n=72), follow-up after injections revealed 65 eyes (90.3%) showing stable or improved near vision and 59 eyes (81.9%) exhibiting stable or improved distance vision; this stands in contrast to the pseudophakic group (n=76), where 63 eyes (82.9%) and 60 eyes (78.9%), respectively, experienced stable or improved near and distance vision after the injections. In both phakic and pseudophakic eyes, a range of 77% to 13% of the cohort exhibited only near vision enhancement.
Changes in near vision accompany the changes in distance vision observed in DME. Determining the appropriateness of anti-VEGF in DME cases requires taking these alterations into account.
DME demonstrates alterations not only in the perception of distance but also in near vision.